Programming in C

Stephen G. Kochan has been developing software with the C programming language for more than 30 years. He is the author of several best-selling titles on the C language, including Programming in C , Programming in Objective-C , and Topics in C Programming . He has also written extensively on Unix and is the author or coauthor of Exploring the Unix System and Unix Shell Programming .

Introduction 1

1 Some Fundamentals 5

Programming 5

Higher-Level Languages 5

Operating Systems 6

Compiling Programs 7

Integrated Development Environments 10

Language Interpreters 10

2 Compiling and Running Your First Program 11

Compiling Your Program 12

Running Your Program 12

Understanding Your First Program 13

Displaying the Values of Variables 15

Comments 17

Exercises 19

3 Variables, Data Types, and Arithmetic Expressions 21

Understanding Data Types and Constants 21

 The Integer Type int 22

 The Floating Number Type float 23

 The Extended Precision Type double 23

 The Single Character Type char 24

 The Boolean Data Type _Bool 24

     Type Specifiers: long, long long, short, unsigned, and signed 26

Working with Variables 29

Working with Arithmetic Expressions 30

 Integer Arithmetic and the Unary Minus Operator 33

Combining Operations with Assignment: The Assignment Operators 39

Types _Complex and _Imaginary 40

Exercises 40

4 Program Looping 43

Triangular Numbers 43

The for Statement 44

 Relational Operators 46

 Aligning Output 50

Program Input 51

 Nested for Loops 53

 for Loop Variants 55

The while Statement 56

The do Statement 60

 The break Statement 62

 The continue Statement 62

Exercises 63

5 Making Decisions 65

The if Statement 65

 The if-else Construct 69

 Compound Relational Tests 72

 Nested if Statements 74

 The else if Construct 76

The switch Statement 83

Boolean Variables 86

The Conditional Operator 90

Exercises 92

6 Working with Arrays 95

Defining an Array 96

 Using Array Elements as Counters 100

 Generating Fibonacci Numbers 103

 Using an Array to Generate Prime Numbers 104

Initializing Arrays 106

Character Arrays 108

 Base Conversion Using Arrays 109

 The const Qualifier 111

Multidimensional Arrays 113

Variable Length Arrays 115

Exercises 117

7 Working with Functions 119

Defining a Function 119

Arguments and Local Variables 123

 Function Prototype Declaration 124

 Automatic Local Variables 124

Returning Function Results 126

Functions Calling Functions Calling... 130

 Declaring Return Types and Argument Types 133

 Checking Function Arguments 135

Top-Down Programming 137

Functions and Arrays 137

 Assignment Operators 141

 Sorting Arrays 143

 Multidimensional Arrays 146

Global Variables 151

Automatic and Static Variables 155

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