The Liver

"Who is the targeted audience for this book? This book "anchors" clinical observations on basic sciences and provides clinical significance to basic science; therefore, I recommend it to all clinicians and researchers who from a clinical or basic standpoint want to understand what the liver does under normal and abnormal circumstances ... The reader will find the disbursement worthwhile and the time invested in consulting it rewarding." (Gastroenterological, 1 March 2011)

Editor: Irwin Arias, MD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Professor of Physiology, Emeritus, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass. Visiting Professor of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Associate editors: James L. Boyer, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA David Shafritz, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA Nelson Fausto, Professor and Chair, Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Harvey Alter, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA David E. Cohen,.Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Allan Wolkoff, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

List of Contributors Preface Acknowledgements PART ONE INTRODUCTION 1 Organizational Principles of the Liver Joe W. Grisham 2 Embryonic Development of the Liver Roque Bort and Kenneth S. Zaret PART TWO THE CELLS 3 Microtubules, Actin Filaments and Motor-mediated Vesicular Transport Ronald R. Marchelletta and Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez 4 Molecular Motors Peter Satir 5 Ion Pumps and Molecular Motors: P-, F-, and V-type ATPases Sarah Bond, Daniel J. Cipriano, and Michael Forgac 6 Hepatocyte Surface Polarity: Its Dynamic Maintenance and Establishment Lelita T. Braiterman and Ann L. Hubbard 7 Endocytosis as an Essential Process in Liver Function and Pathology Barbara Schroeder and Mark McNiven 8 Membrane Transport in Hepatocellular Secretion Susan Chi and Mark McNiven 9 Mitochondria Kastuei Mitra 10 Nuclear Pore Complex Joseph S. Glavy 11 Protein Maturation and Processing at the Endoplasmic Reticulum Ramanujan S. Hegde 12 Protein Degradation and the Lysosomal System Susmita Kaushik and Ana Maria Cuervo 13 Peroxisome Assembly, Degradation, and Disease Peter K. Kim 14 Gap and Tight Junctions in Liver: Composition, Regulation, and Function Takashi Kojima, Norimasa Sawada, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Alfredo G. Fort, and David C. Spray SECTION A HEPATOCYTE 15 Copper Metabolism and the Liver Michael L. Schilsky and Dennis J. Thiele 16 The Central Role of the Liver in Iron Storage and Regulation of Systemic Iron Homeostasis Tracey A. Rouault, Victor Gordeuk, and Gregory Anderson 17 Disorders of Bilirubin Metabolism Namita Roy Chowdhury and Jayanta Roy Chowdhury GH4.21. The porphyrias Peter N. Meissner, Richard J. Hift, Ralph E. Kirsch 18 Hepatic fatty acid metabolism and dysfunction David L. Silver 19 Lipoprotein Metabolism and Cholesterol Balance David E. Cohen SECTION B BILE SECRETION 20 Bile Acids and the Enterohepatic Circulation Alan F. Hofmann 21 Hepatocyte Basolateral Membrane Organic Anion Transporters Jo. H. Choi, John W. Murray, and Allan W. Wolkoff 22 Nuclear Receptors Regulate Bile Acid Synthesis Guorong Xu and Gerald Salen GH4.27. Hormonal regulation of bile secretion Francis R. Simon GH4.28. Nucleotide transport and regulation of bile formation Richard M. Roman and J. Gregory Fitz 23 The Function of the Canalicular Membrane in Bile Formation and Secretion Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink and Coen C. Paulusma 24 Apical Recycling of Canalicular ABC Transporters Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi and Irwin M. Arias 25 Cholangiocyte Functions in Health and Disease: The Ciliary Connection Anatoliy I. Masyuk, Tatyana V. Masyuk, and Nicholas F. LaRusso SECTION C SINUSOIDAL CELLS 26 The Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell: Morphology, Function, and Pathobiology Laurie D. DeLeve GH4.30. Endothelial and pit cells Filip Braet, Dianzhong Luo, Ilan Spector, David Vermijlen, Eddie Wisse 27 Fenestrations in the Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Victoria C. Cogger and David G. Le Couteur 28 Hepatic Stellate Cells Marcos Rojkind and Karina Reyes-Gordillo 29 Hepatic Fibrosis Ram'on Bataller and David A. Brenner 30 Matrix Giuliano Ramadori and Jozsef Dudas PART THREE INTERRELATED CELL FUNCTIONS 31 Insulin Resistance Gerald I. Shulman and Varman Samuel 32 Ca2+ Signaling in the Liver M. Fatima Leite, Mateus T. Guerra, and Michael H. Nathanson GH4.35 Synthesis of and signalling through D-3 phosphoinositides Rial A Christensen, Isabel De Aos Scherpenseel, Lyuba Varticovski GH4.39. Nitric oxide in the liver Mark G. Clemens 33 Role of Intracellular Iron Movement and Oxidant Stress in Hepatocellular Injury John J. Lemasters, Akira Uchiyama, Jae-Sung Kim, Kazuyoshi Kon, and Hartmut Jaeschke GH4.18. Hypoxic, Ischemic and reperfusion injury to liver John J. Lemasters GH4.19. Protective mechanisms against reactive oxygen species Masayasu Inoue 34 Regulatory Pathways of Liver Gene Expression: The Central Role of Cyclic AMP Giuseppe Servillo, Maria Agnese Della Fazia, and Paolo Sassone-Corsi 35 AMPK: Central Regulator of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Maria M. Mihayl