German Sports, Doping, and Politics

Those knowledgeable about sporting history know that athletes have sought performance-enhancing substances since antiquity. The literature on recent sports history includes extensive research on doping in East Germany. Now Krger, Becker, and Nielsen (all sports historians based in Germany) document a research projectsponsored by the German Olympic Sports Federationexamining the history of doping, and anti-doping, in West Germany from 1950 onward. Contending that the doping problem is contextual rather than individualized, the authors consider the role West German politics, sports organizations, and officials played in the history of doping. The book moves from doping during the 1950s and 1960s, to the increased focus on anabolic steroid use and coordinated efforts in anti-doping, to doping and anti-doping in the context of German reunification. The authors base their claims on thorough research of the archives of sources such as German sports federations and academic publications and on written documentation from notable politicians and sports officials. Though this book will appeal to anyone interested in the Olympics or sports history, it will be most valuable to those studying doping and anti-doping movements in sport. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty; general readers. * CHOICE * An extensively researched history of doping in German athletics. * USA Today Sports Weekly * German Sports, Doping, and Politics is an exhaustive study that provides a detailed history of doping and anti-doping in Germany. The authors visited a noteworthy amount of archives and utilized an impressive variety of sources, including scientific reports, scholarly papers, and popular accounts, for the publication. Perhaps the greatest strength of the book is how it chronicles both the scientific support of and fight against doping. . . .German Sports, Doping, and Politics is an important addition to the doping canon. Importantly, Krger, Becker, and Nielsen highlight the paradox of modern sport: the push for absolute excellence without artificial enhancement. * Sport in American History *

Michael Krger is professor of Physical Education and Sports History at the University of Muenster in Germany. He is council member of the International Society for the History of Physical Education and Sport (ISHPES). Christian Becker is a sports historian and publisher in Hildesheim, Germany. Stefan Nielsen is a historian and editor in Muenster, Germany.

Introduction Basics and Problem Definition The Role of Doping in the Relationship between Politics, Sporting Policies, and Sports Methodological Basics: Sources and Documents State of the Art Scientific Debate on Doping and Public Moralization Problems of Empirical Evaluation and Proving Doping I. From Common Practice to Prohibition the Beginnings of Doping and Anti-Doping in German Sport of the 1950s and 1960s Introduction Sport in the Federal Republic of Germany after the Second World War Structures and Self-Perceptions of the German Federal Sports Organizations Sports Policy Physical Health as a Common Objective a Legitimation for State Sponsoring Competitive Sports and National Representation: The Delayed Start Germany in the Context of International Sports Development The Medicalization of Society and Sport and other Doping and Anti-Doping Issues Spread and Development of Anti-Doping in the 1950s and 1960s Self-Concept and Functions of German Sports Medicine Anti-Doping Policies in the 1950s and 1960s Doping Rules of Some Sports Federations The Role of State and Government in Anti-Doping Policies Doping During the 1950s and 1960s Intermediate Results II. Cold War and the Climax of Doping in Germany From the Munich Olympics of 1972 via Montreal 1976 to the Introduction of Out-of-Competition Controls in the 1980s Introduction The 1972 Olympic Games of Munich and Their Importance for the Development of Doping and Anti-Doping in Germany Anti-doping Politics of the IOC in the 1970s Sport Politics, Doping and Anti-Doping in West Germany Interim Results Doping and Anti-Doping up to the Olympic Games of Montreal in 1976 Problems in Preventing Anabolic Steroids in Sport Anabolic Steroids, their Prevalence in Top Level Sport and Doping Controls The Doping Games of Montreal 1976: Kolbe Injection and Air Clyster Scandal and their Political Consequences Political Contextualization of Doping and Anti-Doping in the 1970s and 1980s German Secret Services on Doping Doping and West German Sports Medicine Adaptation by West German Sport Organizations Consequences of State and Sport Policies the Grundsatzerklrung fr den Spitzensport of 1977 Doping Enhancement in West German Sport Doping and Anti-Doping Policies between 1977 and 1989 The Case of Birgit Dressel Preventive Controls Anti-Doping: Some Facts and Problems A Doubtful Research Project: The Study of Rejuvenation/ Regeneration by Means of Testosterone Introduction of Out-of-Competition Controls Interim Results - Changes to Doping and Anti-Doping Policies during the 1970s and 1980s III. Doping and Anti-Doping in the Process of German Reunification State and Sport, Doping and Anti-Doping in West Germany before 1990 Revelations of Doping by the German Media after Unification Responses from Sport and Politics The Parliament Veto: Budget Cut in 1991/92 European and International Perspectives The Case of Dieter Baumann a Blow in the Fight against Doping Interim Results: Reunification, Rehabilitation and New Beginnings International Strategies of Anti-Doping Germany on the Path to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) The Establishment of an International Political Anti-Doping Regime From Lausanne to the WADA WADA as the New Center of the International Fight against Doping Effects of the International Anti-Doping Movement on German Anti-Doping Policies: From the Anti-Doping Commission of the German Sport Federation (DSB) to the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) German Anti-Doping Crisis of 2007 The Debate on an Anti-Doping Law Interim Results: Doping in the Context of Sport, State and Society Conclusion The German Story of Doping a Relevant Element of the Overall Sports Process Explanations for the Doping and Anti-Doping Process Relevance of the Cold War Changes of the Relationship between State and Sport Bibliography Chronology List of abbreviations Index About the Authors