Indigenous Politics

The study of indigenous peoples received a new impetus in the late 1960s, when activist politics drew global attention to the status of these marginalised groups. While an impressive range of studies from many disciplines - notably history, anthropology, sociology and law - has since then advanced our understanding of indigenous society, the contribution of political science has for long been limited. This volume is an important and timely intervention in analysis of the politics of indigenous peoples. It offers a valuable, systematic overview of the comparative politics of indigenous societies, enriched by well-informed case studies of the more prominent of these. The editors and contributors are to be congratulated for bringing the politics of indigenous societies so decisively into the academic mainstream. John Coakley, Queen's University Belfast and University College Dublin Indigenous politics has become more important during the last couple of decades. This book offers an interesting insight into institutional variation in indigenous political arrangements, with comprehensive information on New Zealand, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, USA, Canada and the Nordic countries. Even given the great variation across countries and continents, indigenous politics is increasingly influenced by international processes and by developments in international law. This book emphasises the importance of these changes, but also underlines the extensive differences among countries adapting to them. In doing so, it highlights the importance of each country's historical traditions, in which the changing relationship between indigenous sovereignty and co-optation is playing itself out. An important read for anyone interested in this field of growing interest and relevance. Per Selle, University of Bergen

Mikkel Berg-Nordlie is a researcher at NIBR - Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research. He is currently writing a history PhD at the University of Tromso - the Arctic University of Norway. His research is mainly on political organisation, representation, governance and discourses related to indigenous peoples and other ethnic minorities particularly in, but not limited to, Russia and the Nordic countries. Jo Saglie is Research Professor at the Institute for Social Research, Oslo, Norway and Adjunct Senior Researcher at the Sami University College in Guovdageaidnu, Norway. His main research interests include party organisations and intra-party democracy, local elections and local democracy, as well as indigenous politics. Ann Sullivan is a member of the northern Ngapuhi tribe of New Zealand. She is an Associate Professor of Maori Studies and co-Head of Te Wananga o Waipapa/School of Maori Studies and Pacific Studies, University of Auckland. Her main research interests are Maori electoral behaviour, representation and public police policy. Her teaching covers a range of areas of Maori development with an emphasis on public policy.

Contents List of Figures and Tables vii Contributors ix Preface xiii Chapter One - Introduction: Perspectives on Indigenous Politics 1 Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Jo Saglie and Ann Sullivan PART I: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS - INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON Chapter Two - States' Definitions of Indigenous Peoples: A Survey of Practices 25 Ravi de Costa Chapter Three - Indigenous Political Representation in Liberal-Democratic Countries: A Comparative Analysis 61 Jane Robbins Chapter Four - Making Space for Indigenous Governments: Comparing Patterns of Institutional Adaptation in Canada and the United States 95 Martin Papillon PART II: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS - COUNTRY STUDIES Chapter Five - Maori Representation and Participation in National and Local Government Politics 115 Ann Sullivan Chapter Six - Action, Organisation and Confrontation: Strategies of the Sami Movement in Sweden during the Twentieth Century 135 Patrik Lantto and Ulf Moerkenstam Chapter Seven - The Samediggi Electoral Roll in Norway: Framework, Growth and Geographical Shifts, 1989-2009 165 Torunn Pettersen Chapter Eight - Self-Determination as a Political Cleavage: The Norwegian Samediggi Election of 2009 191 Johannes Bergh and Jo Saglie Chapter Nine - Who Shall Represent the Sami? Indigenous Governance in Murmansk Region and the Nordic Sami Parliament Model 213 Mikkel Berg-Nordlie Chapter Ten - Semi-Autonomy: Contemporary Challenges for Indigenous Peoples in Brazil 253 Einar Braathen and Cassio Inglez de Sousa PART III: INDIGENOUS REPRESENTATION - CONCRETE CONFLICTS Chapter Eleven - The Devil Never Left: Indigeneity and Protest in Morales' Bolivia 277 John-Andrew McNeish Chapter Twelve - Indigenous Rights, Political Mobilisation and Indigenous Control over Development: Natural-Gas Processing in Western Australia 301 Ciaran O'Faircheallaigh Index 325