Remote Detection and Maritime Pollution

Stephane Le Floch is a chemist and manager of the CEDRE Research Department in Brest, France. He is involved in the working groups MAR-ICE and GESAMP on hazardous and noxious substances for the European Maritime Safety Agency and the International Maritime Organization. Frederic Muttin is a Professor of Applied Mathematics in Marine Sciences at the engineering school EIGSI in La Rochelle, France. His research focuses on numerical modeling and statistical analyses. He also conducts full-scale experiments on chronic and accidental marine pollution.

Forewords xi Part 1. Remote Sensing Means 1 Chapter 1. POLLUPROOF Project 3 Sophie CHATAING, Sebastien ANGELLIAUME, Pierre-Yves FOUCHER, Eldon PUCKRIN and Stephane LE FLOCH 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. POLLUPROOF project 4 1.2.1. Objectives 4 1.2.2. Hazardous and noxious substances 5 1.3. Experimental approach 7 1.3.1. Calibration of optical sensors 7 1.3.2. Evaluation of radar, optical and hyperspectral sensors at sea 9 1.4. Conclusion 14 1.5. References 14 Chapter 2. Multifrequency Radar Imagery and Characterization of Hazardous and Noxious Substances at Sea 17 Sebastien ANGELLIAUME, Brent MINCHEW, Sophie CHATAING, Philippe MARTINEAU and Veronique MIEGEBIELLE 2.1. Introduction 17 2.2. Experimentation at sea 19 2.2.1. Radar imagery 19 2.2.2. Chemical products 20 2.2.3. Planning of measurements 22 2.3. Methodology 24 2.3.1. Scattering from ocean surface 24 2.3.2. Detection and relative quantification 26 2.3.3. Oil/water mixing index 27 2.4. Results and discussion 29 2.4.1. Observation of hazardous and noxious substances at sea 29 2.4.2. Detection and quantification of impact on the ocean surface 31 2.4.3. Characterization 34 2.5. Conclusion 36 2.6. Acknowledgments 37 2.7. References 37 Chapter 3. Remote Sensing of HNS using Longwave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging 41 Eldon PUCKRIN, Dennis DURO, Guillaume GAGNE, Anne-Pier BERNIER, Louis ARMSTRONG and Sophie CHATAING 3.1. Introduction 41 3.2. LWIR hyperspectral remote sensing capability 42 3.2.1. Basin measurements at CEDRE 43 3.2.2. Sea measurements 44 3.3. Detection and identification of HNS using LWIR hyperspectral sensing 46 3.3.1. Detection phenomenology 46 3.3.2. Detection algorithm 48 3.3.3. Basin measurements at CEDRE 48 3.3.4. Sea measurements 51 3.4. Conclusion 53 3.5. References 53 Part 2. Remote Sensing to Support Marine Surveillance Services 55 Chapter 4. Customs Expertise in Remote Sensing 57 Laurent BUIGNET 4.1. Introduction 57 4.2. The aircraft 57 4.3. The equipment 59 4.4. Airborne remote sensing processing 60 4.5. Side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) processing 60 4.6. Infrared and ultraviolet line scanner 61 4.7. Standard detection and investigation 61 4.8. The future, a new multi-mission aircraft 62 Chapter 5. Remote Sensing as Evidence in Court 63 Yann RABUTEAU 5.1. Introduction 63 5.2. Legal framework of the offence and the evidence 65 5.2.1. What the texts say 65 5.2.2. What legal precedents have been set? 67 5.3. Remote sensing: questions and advances 68 5.3.1. Does the verdict of the Traquair case exclude recourse to remote sensing? 68 5.3.2. What answers and advances have been observed? 68 5.4. Conclusion 69 5.5. References 70 Chapter 6. Long-Term Surveillance and Monitoring of Natural Events in Coastal Waters 71 Francis GOHIN 6.1. Introduction 71 6.2. Satellite products for long-term surveillance 72 6.3. Some specific events of natural origin in coastal waters 74 6.4. Conclusion 76 6.5. References 76 Part 3. Remote Sensing to Support the Response Strategy 77 Chapter 7. VIGISAT Ground Receiving Station and EMSA CleanSeaNet Services 79 Guillaume HAJDUCH 7.1. Introduction 79 7.2. VIGISAT ground receiving station and detection of pollution in near-real time 80 7.3. Polluter identification with AIS data flows and drift modeling 83 7.4. References 86 Chapter 8. System-to-system Interface Between the EMSA CleanSeaNet Service and OSERIT 87 Sebastien LEGRAND and Ronny SCHALLIER 8.1. Introduction 87 8.2. The EMSA CleanSeaNet service 91 8.3. OSERIT 94 8.3.1. The OSERIT Oil Spill Model 94 8.3.2. OSERIT visualization tool 96 8.3.3. OSERIT domain 98 8.3.4. OSERIT met-ocean forcing 98 8.3.5. OSERIT oil database 99 8.4. A system-to-system interface between CleanSeaNet and OSERIT 101 8.4.1. Scenario 1: automatically triggered forecast 102 8.4.2. Scenario 2: automatically triggered backtrack 103 8.4.3. Scenari